Efectos del déficit de vitaminas B9 y B12 en la génesis de la anemia megaloblástica

La anemia megaloblástica pertenece al subgrupo de anemias carenciales. Con el objetivo de describir el efecto del déficit de vitaminas B9 y B12 en la génesis de la anemia megaloblástica se realizó la presente investigación. La anemia megaloblástica se presenta cuando los niveles de ácido fólico (Vitamina B9) y cianocobalamina (vitamina B12) son bajos, generando así una disminución en la capacidad celular de sintetizar ácido desoxirribonucleico, lo que ocasiona alteraciones hematológicas en todas las líneas celulares de la médula ósea (eritrocitos y plaquetas), principalmente provocando la generación de hematíes de gran tamaño y con baja concentración de hemoglobina. Las vitaminas B9 y B12 participan en la síntesis normal de ácidos nucleicos, implicándose directamente en la síntesis de purinas y pirimidinas, así como la maduración celular. El déficit de estas vitaminas tiene efecto sobre el funcionamiento del sistema nervioso central.

Megaloblastic anemia belongs to the subgroup of deficiency anemias. With the objective of describing the effect of B9 and B12 vitamins deficiency on the genesis of megaloblastic anemia, this research was carried out. Megaloblastic anemia occurs when the levels of folic acid (Vitamin B9) and cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) are low, thus generating a decrease in the cellular capacity to synthesize deoxyribonucleic acid, which causes hematological alterations in all cell lines of the marrow bone (erythrocytes and platelets), mainly causing the generation of large red blood cells with low hemoglobin concentration. Vitamins B9 and B12 participate in the normal synthesis of nucleic acids, being directly involved in the synthesis of purines and pyrimidines, as well as cell maturation. The deficiency of these vitamins has an effect on the central nervous system functioning.

Flow cytometry-detected changes in megaloblastic anemia secondary to cobalamin deficiency

Introduction: Megaloblastic anemias secondary to Vitamin B12 deficiency are a group of pathologies produced by defective nuclear DNA synthesis. Objective: To describe the maturation alterations found in hematopoietic precursors of the bone marrow in a series of patients with megaloblastic anemia. Methods: Were included patients attended at the Regional Hospital of Concepción with bone marrow samples sent for the study of cytopenia by flow cytometry whose final diagnosis was megaloblastic anemia. The immunophenotype was performed with CD45, CD34, CD117, HLA-DR, markers of neutrophil (CD13, CD11b, CD10, CD16) and/or erythroblast (CD105, CD71, CD36) maturation. Results: From the flow cytometry laboratory database, 8 patients with megaloblastic anemia were identified, and myelodysplastic syndromes (n=9) and normal or reactive bone marrow (n=10) were used as controls. 44% were men, with a median age of 58 years. Megaloblastic anemia was associated with a higher proportion of size and complexity of erythroid and myeloid progenitors compared to lymphocytes compared to controls. The total percentage of erythroblasts and the proportion of CD34+ myeloid cells associated with erythroid lineage was higher in megaloblastic anemia, associated with a maturation arrest in the CD105+ precursor stage (69% vs 19% and 23%, p<0.001). The heterogeneity of CD36 and CD71 in megaloblastic anemia was similar to myelodysplastic syndromes. Conclusions: Megaloblastic anemia produces a heterogeneous involvement of hematopoiesis, characterized by a greater size and cellular complexity of precursors of the neutrophil and erythroid series and a maturation arrest of the erythroblasts.

Introducción: Anemias megaloblásticas secundarias a la deficiencia de vitamina B12 son patologías producidas por una síntesis defectuosa del ADN nuclear. Objetivo: Describir las alteraciones madurativas encontradas en precursores hematopoyéticos de la médula ósea de una serie de pacientes con anemia megaloblástica. Métodos: Se incluyeron pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Regional de Concepción con muestras de médula ósea enviadas para estudio de citopenias por citometría de flujo cuyo diagnóstico fue anemia megaloblástica. El inmunofenotipo se realizó con CD45, CD34, CD117, HLA-DR, marcadores de maduración de serie de neutrófilo (CD13, CD11b, CD10, CD16) y/o eritroblasto (CD105, CD71, CD36). Resultados: Se identificaron 8 pacientes con anemia megaloblástica y como controles se utilizaron síndromes mielodisplásicos (n=9) y médula ósea normal o reactiva (n=10). El 44% eran hombres, con una mediana de edad de 58 años. La anemia megaloblástica se asoció con una mayor proporción de tamaño y complejidad de progenitores eritroides y mieloides con respecto de los linfocitos en comparación a los controles. El porcentaje total de eritroblastos y la proporción de células mieloides CD34+ comprometidas con el linaje eritroide fue mayor en anemia megaloblástica, asociado a una parada madurativa en la etapa de precursor CD105+ (69% vs 19% y 23%, p <0.001). La heterogeneidad de CD36 y CD71 en anemia megaloblástica fue similar a los síndromes mielodisplásicos. Conclusiones: la anemia megaloblástica produce una afectación heterogénea de la hematopoyesis, caracterizada por un mayor tamaño y complejidad celulares de precursores de la serie neutrófilo y eritroide y una detención madurativa de los eritroblastos.

Conocimientos sobre el ácido fólico periconcepcional en mujeres puérperas del hospital de la mujer, La Paz-Bolivia / Awareness of periconceptional folic acid in postpartum women at the hospital de la mujer, La Paz-Bolivia

INTRODUCCIÓN Y/O ANTECEDENTES: Los defectos del tubo neural se encuentran entre las anomalías congénitas más comunes en todo el mundo, el ácido fólico (0.4-0.8 ug/día) reduce el riesgo de ocurrencia y recurrencia, por lo que se recomienda su uso concepcional y periconcepcional. El conocimiento de sus efectos protectores varía mucho en la población. OBJETIVOS: Describir el conocimiento de las puérperas sobre el uso correcto del ácido fólico y sus alcances como factor protector. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Se condujeron encuestas entre un grupo de mujeres puérperas del Hospital de la Mujer mediante cuestionarios estructurados para obtener información el conocimiento del uso del ácido fólico periconcepcional. RESULTADOS: Entrevistamos 87 puérperas. El conocimiento y el uso del ácido fólico entre las entrevistadas fue bajo, 51% y 48.3% respectivamente. La escolaridad en este grupo poblacional es un factor predictivo del conocimiento y uso correcto del ácido fólico. DISCUSIÓN, CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES: El conocimiento del ácido fólico es relativamente bajo entre las mujeres puérperas entrevistadas, su uso durante el embarazo es insuficiente y la suplementación con antes de la concepción es nula. Aún nos queda un largo camino por recorrer. Se recomienda promover el conocimiento y el uso del ácido fólico en etapa periconcepcional, así como mayor información sobre los alimentos fortificados.

INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND: Neural tube defects are among the most common congenital anomalies worldwide; folic acid reduces their risk of occurrence and is strongly recommended for conceptional and periconceptional use. Awareness of its protective effects varies widely among populations. OBJECTIVES: To measure the awareness of postpartum women about the correct use of folic acid and its protectants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A survey was conducted in one group of postpartum women using structured questionnaires to obtain information on awareness and use of folic acid. RESULTS: We interviewed 87 postpartum women. Awareness and use of folic among the interviewees were low, 51% and 48.3% respectively. Schooling is a predictor of folic acid correct use and awareness. DISCUSSION, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Awareness of folic acid is relatively low among pregnant Bolivian women, its use during pregnancy is insufficient and supplementation before conception is zero. We still have a long way to go. We recommend the promotion of awareness and the use of folic acid in pregnant women.

Effect of dietary antioxidants on the risk of prostate cancer. Systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Introduction: Objective: the purpose of this study was to assess the impact of 14 treatments including a total of 10 dietary antioxidants on the risk of prostate cancer. Material and methods: we searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science for only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to investigate the effect of these 10 antioxidants on the risk of getting prostate cancer. Using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool, the methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated. Data extraction: studies were appraised by two investigators and data were extracted. Using a surface under cumulative ranking (SUCRA) probability, a Bayesian network meta-analysis was undertaken to evaluate the relative ranking of agents. Results: from the earliest accessible date through August 2022, RCTs were gathered. A total of 14 randomized controlled trials were included with a total sample size of 73,365 males. The results of the network meta-analysis showed that green tea catechins (GTCs) significantly reduced the risk of prostate cancer (SUCRA, 88.6 %) followed by vitamin D (SUCRA, 55.1 %), vitamin B6 (54.1 %), and folic acid was the lowest (22.0 %). Conclusion: based on the Ranking Plot of the Network, we can state that GTCs might have an impact on the prevention of prostate cancer compared to other dietary antioxidants, but we still need quality literature to further prove it.

Introducción: Objetivo: el propósito de este estudio fue evaluar el impacto de 14 tratamientos que incluyen un total de 10 antioxidantes dietéticos sobre el riesgo de cáncer de próstata. Material y métodos: buscamos en PubMed, Embase, la Biblioteca Cochrane y Web of Science solo ensayos controlados aleatorizados (ECA) para investigar el efecto de estos 10 antioxidantes sobre el riesgo de contraer cáncer de próstata. Se evaluó la calidad metodológica de los estudios incluidos mediante la herramienta Cochrane de evaluación del riesgo de sesgo. Extracción de datos: dos investigadores evaluaron los estudios y extrajeron los datos. Utilizando una probabilidad de clasificación acumulativa de superficie (SUCRA) se llevó a cabo un metanálisis de red bayesiano para evaluar la clasificación relativa de los agentes. Resultados: desde la primera fecha accesible hasta agosto de 2022, se recopilaron ECA. Se incluyeron 14 ensayos controlados aleatorizados con un tamaño de muestra total de 73.365 varones. Los resultados del metanálisis en red mostraron que las catequinas del té verde (GTC) redujeron significativamente el riesgo de cáncer de próstata (SUCRA, 88,6 %), seguidas de la vitamina D (SUCRA, 55,1 %), la vitamina B6 (54,1 %) y el ácido fólico fue el más bajo (22,0 %). Conclusión: según el diagrama de clasificación de la red, podemos afirmar que los GTC podrían tener un impacto en la prevención del cáncer de próstata en comparación con otros antioxidantes dietéticos, pero aún necesitamos literatura de calidad para demostrarlo.

Hematological and renoprotective effects of folic acid and lentil extract in diclofenac sodium exposed rats / Efeitos hematológicos e renoprotetores do ácido fólico e do extrato de lentilha em ratos expostos ao diclofenaco de sódio

Abstract Excessive intake of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as, diclofenac sodium (DS) may lead to toxicity in the rats. In this work, we aimed to examine the protective impact of lentil extract (LE) and folic acid (FA) on the hematological markers, the kidney tissue oxidative stress and the renal function against diclofenac sodium (DS) in male albino rats. The rats (120-150 g) were divided into four equal groups randomly, the first group kept as the untreated control. The second group was administrated with DS (11.6 mg/kg b.wt. orally once/day). The third group was received DS+FA (11.6 mg/kg b.wt.+76.9 microgram/kg b.wt.) orally once/day. The fourth group was treated with DS+LE (11.6 mg/kg b.wt.+500 mg/kg b.wt.) orally once/day. After four weeks, the results revealed that DS produced a significant decrease in the values of red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), hematocrit (HCT) and white blood cells (WBCs). On the other hand, there was a significant increase in the platelets count. Also, DS induced a renal deterioration; this was evidenced by the significant increase in the serum levels of urea, creatinine, uric acid, Na, Ca, Mg as well as the nitric oxide (NO) level in the kidney tissue. Also, there were a significant reduction in the serum levels of potassium (K) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in the kidney homogenates. Moreover, the findings in the rats treated by DS+LE or DS+FA showed a potential protection on the hematological markers, oxidative stress in the kidney tissue and the renal function disturbed by DS. LE and FA could play a potent role for the prevention the adverse hematological, the kidney tissue oxidative stress and the renal dysfunction caused by DS via their anti-oxidative and bioactive phytochemicals.

Resumo A ingestão excessiva de anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais, como o diclofenaco de sódio (DS), pode causar toxicidade em ratos. Neste trabalho, objetivamos examinar o impacto protetor do extrato de lentilha (LE) e ácido fólico (AF) em marcadores hematológicos, no estresse oxidativo do tecido renal e na função renal contra o diclofenaco de sódio (DS) em ratos albinos machos. Os ratos (120-150 g) foram divididos em quatro grupos iguais aleatoriamente, sendo o primeiro grupo mantido como controle não tratado. O segundo grupo foi administrado com DS (11,6 mg / kg de peso corporal por via oral uma vez / dia). O terceiro grupo recebeu DS + FA (76,9 mg / kg de peso corporal por via oral uma vez / dia). O quarto grupo foi tratado com DS + LE (500 mg / kg de peso corporal por via oral uma vez / dia). Após quatro semanas, os resultados revelaram que o DS produziu uma diminuição significativa nos valores de glóbulos vermelhos (RBCs), concentração de hemoglobina (Hb), hematócrito (HCT) e glóbulos brancos (WBCs). Por outro lado, houve um aumento significativo na contagem de plaquetas. Além disso, o DS induziu uma deterioração renal; isso foi evidenciado pelo aumento significativo dos níveis séricos de ureia, creatinina, ácido úrico, Na, Ca, Mg e também do nível de óxido nítrico no tecido renal. Além disso, houve uma redução significativa nos níveis séricos de potássio (K) e glutationa reduzida (GSH) nos homogenatos renais. Além disso, os achados nos ratos tratados com DS + LE ou DS + FA mostraram uma proteção potencial sobre os marcadores hematológicos, estresse oxidativo no tecido renal e função renal perturbada pelo DS. LE e AF podem desempenhar um papel potente na prevenção do estresse hematológico adverso, do estresse oxidativo do tecido renal e da disfunção renal causada pelo DS por meio de seus fitoquímicos antioxidantes e bioativos.

Impact of Maternal Folic Acid Supplementation on Descendants' Kidney in Adulthood / Impacto da suplementação materna com ácido fólico no rim dos descendentes na vida adulta

Abstract Supplementation with folic acid (FA) during gestation has been recommended by medical society all over the world, but some studies have shown that intake of high folic acid diet may unleash damages to the descendants. Objectives: Describing the effects of maternal supplementation with FA during gestation on offspring's kidney at late life stages. Data Source: It is a systematic review by which were consulted the following databases: Medline, through Pubmed, Lilacs, and SciELO. The research was performed using the keywords "Folic acid", "Gestation" and "Kidney". Study Selection: Eight studies were regarded for this systematic review. Data Collection: Only studies that evaluated folic acid consumption during gestation and its effects exclusively on descendants' kidney at several phases of life were regarded. Results: Gestational FA intake did not change the renal volume, glomerular filtration rate and the expression of some essential genes in the kidney of puppies whose dams were supplemented with FA. Maternal consumption of double FA plus selenium diet was effective in preserving antioxidant enzymes activity in the kidney of descendants from mothers exposed to alcohol. FA supplementation decreased some gross anomalies in the puppies caused by teratogenic drug despite of had not been effective in preventing some renal architectural damages. Conclusion: FA supplementation did not cause renal toxicity; it exerted an antioxidant protective effect and mitigated some renal disorders caused by severe aggressions.

Resumo A suplementação com ácido fólico (AF) durante a gestação tem sido recomendada pela sociedade médica em todo o mundo, mas alguns estudos têm mostrado que a ingestão de altas quantidades de ácido fólico na dieta pode desencadear danos aos descendentes. Objetivos: Descrever os efeitos da suplementação materna com AF durante a gestação no rim da prole em fases tardias da vida. Fonte de Dados: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática realizada através da consulta das seguintes bases de dados: Medline, através da Plataforma Pubmed, Lilacs e Scielo. A pesquisa foi realizada utilizando-se as palavras-chave "Ácido Fólico", "Gestação" e "Rim". Seleção dos Estudos: Oito estudos foram considerados para esta revisão sistemática. Coleta de Dados: Foram incluídos estudos que abordaram o consumo de ácido fólico durante a gestação e seus efeitos exclusivamente no rim dos descendentes em diferentes fases da vida. Resultados: O consumo gestacional de AF não alterou o volume renal, a taxa de filtração glomerular e a expressão de alguns genes essenciais no rim dos filhotes de mães suplementadas com AF. A associação de AF e selênio na dieta materna foi eficaz na preservação da atividade de enzimas antioxidantes no rim da prole de mães expostas ao álcool. O consumo de AF diminuiu algumas anomalias importantes nos filhotes causadas por drogas teratogênicas, apesar de não ter sido eficiente na prevenção de alguns danos a arquitetura renal. Conclusão: A suplementação com AF não causou toxicicdade renal, exerceu efeito protetor antioxidante e mitigou algumas desordens renais causadas por agressões severas.

The Role of Thyroid Hormones, Vitamins, and Microelements in Female Infertility / O papel dos hormônios da tiroide, das vitaminas e dos microelementos na fertilidade feminina

Abstract Objective It is well known that female infertility is multifactorial. Therefore, we aimed to compare the effects of thyroid dysfunction, vitamin deficiency, and microelement deficiency in fertile and infertile patients. Materials and Methods Between May 1st, 2017, and April 1st, 2019, we conducted a retrospective case-control study with of 380 infertile and 346 pregnant patients (who normally fertile and able to conceive spontaneously). The fertile patients were selected among those who got pregnant spontaneously without treatment, had a term birth, and did not have systemic or obstetric diseases. The levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO), vitamin D, vitamin B12, folic acid, ferritin, and zinc of both groups were compared. Results There was no difference between patients in the infertile and pregnant groups in terms of low normal and high serum T3 and T4 levels (p = 0.938; p > 0.05) respectively, nor in terms of normal and high anti-TPO levels (p = 0.182; p > 0.05) respectively. There was no significant difference regarding patients with low, insufficient, and sufficient vitamin D levels in the infertile and pregnant groups (p = 0.160; p >0.05) respectively. The levels of folic acid, ferritin, and zinc of the infertile group were significantly lower than those of the pregnant group. Conclusion The serum levels of folic acid, ferritin, and zinc in infertile patients presenting to our outpatient clinic were lower than those o the fertile patients.

Resumo Objetivo Sabe-se que a infertilidade feminina é multifatorial. Portanto, nosso objetivo foi comparar os efeitos da disfunção tireoidiana, deficiência de vitaminas e deficiência de microelementos em pacientes férteis e inférteis. Materiais e Métodos Entre 1° de maio de 2017 e 1° de abril de 2019, realizamos um estudo retrospectivo caso-controle com 380 pacientes inférteis e 346 grávidas (normalmente férteis e capazes de conceber espontaneamente). As pacientes férteis foram selecionadas entre aquelas que engravidaram espontaneamente sem tratamento, tiveram parto a termo e não apresentavam doenças sistêmicas ou obstétricas. Os níveis de hormônio estimulante da tireoide (TSH), triiodotironina (T3), tiroxina (T4), antitireoide peroxidase (anti-TPO), vitamina D, vitamina B12, ácido fólico, ferritina e zinco de ambos os grupos foram comparados. Resultados Não houve diferença entre as pacientes dos grupos inférteis e gestantes em relação aos níveis altos de sérumT3 e T4 normais baixos e altos (p = 0,938; p > 0,05), respectivamente nem aos níveis normais e altos de anti-TPO (p = 0,182; p > 0,05), respectivamente. Não houve diferença significativa em relação aos pacientes com níveis baixos, insuficientes e suficientes de vitamina D nos grupos inférteis e gestantes (p = 0,160; p > 0,05), respectivamente. Os níveis de ácido fólico, ferritina e zinco do grupo infértil foram significativamente menores do que os do grupo grávida. Conclusão Os níveis de sérum de ácido fólico, ferritina e zinco nas pacientes inférteis atendidas em nosso ambulatório foram menores do que nas pacientes férteis.

Folic acid supplementation during pregnancy and postpartum depressive symptoms / Suplementação de ácido fólico na gestação e sintomas depressivos pós-parto

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To verify whether folic acid supplementation during pregnancy is associated with the occurrence of maternal depressive symptoms at three months postpartum, in the 2015 Pelotas Birth Cohort. METHODS This study included 4,046 women, who were classified into three groups: did not use folic acid supplementation during pregnancy; used during only one trimester of pregnancy; and used for two or three trimesters. Depressive symptoms were assessed at three months postpartum using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), at cutoff points ≥ 10 (mild symptoms) and ≥ 13 (moderate to severe intensity). RESULTS The overall prevalence of mild symptoms was of 20.2% (95%CI 19.0-21.5), and moderate and severe was 11% (95%CI 10.0-12.0). The prevalence of EPDS ≥ 10 was of 26.8% (95%CI 24.0-29.5) among women who did not use folic acid and 18.1% for both those who used it during one trimester of pregnancy (95%CI 16.1-20.1) and those who used it for two or three trimesters (95%CI 16.0-20.2). The prevalence of EPDS ≥ 13 was of 15.7% (95%CI 13.5-17.9) in those who did not use folic acid, 9.1% (95%CI 7.5-10.6) in those who used it for one trimester, and 9.4% (95%CI 7.8-11.0) in those who used it for two or three trimesters. In the adjusted analyses, there was no statistically significant association between the use of folic acid during pregnancy and the occurrence of depressive symptoms at three months postpartum. CONCLUSION There was no association between folic acid supplementation during pregnancy and postpartum depression at three months.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Verificar se a suplementação de ácido fólico durante a gestação está associada com a ocorrência de sintomas depressivos maternos aos três meses pós-parto, na Coorte de Nascimentos de Pelotas de 2015. MÉTODOS Este estudo incluiu 4.046 mulheres, que foram classificadas em três grupos: sem suplementação de ácido fólico na gestação; uso durante apenas um trimestre da gestação;e uso durante dois ou três trimestres. Os sintomas depressivos foram avaliados aos três meses pós-parto, através da Escala de Depressão Pós-Natal de Edimburgo (EPDS), nos pontos de corte ≥ 10 (sintomas leves) e ≥ 13 (intensidade moderada a grave). RESULTADOS A prevalência geral de sintomas leves foi de 20,2% (IC95% 19,0-21,5),e moderados e graves de 11% (IC95% 10,0-12,0). Entre as mulheres que não fizeram uso de ácido fólico, a prevalência de EPDS ≥ 10 foi de 26,8% (IC95% 24,0-29,5) e 18,1% tanto entre as que utilizaram durante um trimestre da gestação (IC95% 16,1-20,1), quanto entre as que utilizaram por dois ou três trimestres (IC95% 16,0-20,2). Já a prevalência de EPDS ≥ 13 foi 15,7% (IC95% 13,5-17,9) entre as que não utilizaram ácido fólico, 9,1% (IC95% 7,5-10,6) entre as que utilizaram durante um trimestre e 9,4% (IC95% 7,8-11,0) entre as que utilizaram por dois ou três trimestres. Nas análises ajustadas, não houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre o uso de ácido fólico na gestação e a ocorrência de sintomas depressivos aos três meses pós-parto. CONCLUSÃO Não se observou associação entre a suplementação de ácido fólico na gestação e depressão pós-parto aos três meses.

Epilepsia y embarazo: particularidades y tratamiento / Epilepsy and pregnancy: particularities and treatment

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: La prevalencia de epilepsia en mujeres embarazadas es del 0.3 al 0.5%. Si bien es una enfermedad de baja frecuencia es importante saber cómo el embarazo modifica el curso de la enfermedad y cómo la enfermedad modifica el curso del embarazo y cuál es la seguridad de los tratamientos durante el embarazo y cuáles son los consensos obstétricos actuales a este respecto. OBJETIVO: Actualizar los conocimientos acerca de cómo el embarazo modifica el curso de la enfermedad, cómo la enfermedad modifica el curso del embarazo, cuán seguros son los tratamientos durante el embarazo y los consensos obstétricos actuales a este respecto. METODOLOGÍA: Revisión bibliográfica efectuada en dos bases de datos (PubMed y Scopus) con los siguientes criterios de búsqueda (MeSH): "epilepsy'' y "pregnancy'' de artículos publicados entre el 2015 y mayo del 2022, escritos en inglés o español: metanálisis, revisiones sistemáticas, narrativas o ensayos clínicos. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 310 registros. Después de la eliminación por duplicación y otras causas se seleccionaron 20 artículos, más otros utilizados como complemento del tema. CONCLUSIONES: El embarazo de una paciente con epilepsia debe considerarse de alto riesgo y, por lo tanto, adecuar su seguimiento. La planificación del embarazo resulta fundamental, con el propósito de indicar el tratamiento antiepiléptico adecuado y el suplemento con ácido fólico, si es necesario.

Abstract BACKGROUND: The prevalence of epilepsy in pregnant women is 0.3 to 0.5%. Although it is a low frequency disease, it is important to know how pregnancy modifies the course of the disease and how the disease modifies the course of pregnancy and what is the safety of treatments during pregnancy and what are the current obstetric consensuses in this regard. OBJECTIVE: To update knowledge about how pregnancy modifies the course of the disease, how the disease modifies the course of pregnancy, how safe are the treatments during pregnancy and the current obstetric consensus in this respect. METHODOLOGY: Literature review conducted in two databases (PubMed and Scopus) with the following search criteria (MeSH): "epilepsy" and "pregnancy" of articles published between 2015 and May 2022, written in English or Spanish: meta-analyses, systematic reviews, narratives or clinical trials. RESULTS: 310 records were identified. After elimination for duplication and other causes, 20 articles were selected, plus others used to complement the topic. CONCLUSIONS: Pregnancy in a patient with epilepsy should be considered high risk and therefore follow-up should be appropriate. Pregnancy planning is essential in order to indicate the appropriate antiepileptic treatment and folic acid supplementation, if necessary.

Hematological and renoprotective effects of folic acid and lentil extract in diclofenac sodium exposed rats / Efeitos hematológicos e renoprotetores do ácido fólico e do extrato de lentilha em ratos expostos ao diclofenaco de sódio

Excessive intake of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as, diclofenac sodium (DS) may lead to toxicity in the rats. In this work, we aimed to examine the protective impact of lentil extract (LE) and folic acid (FA) on the hematological markers, the kidney tissue oxidative stress and the renal function against diclofenac sodium (DS) in male albino rats. The rats (120-150 g) were divided into four equal groups randomly, the first group kept as the untreated control. The second group was administrated with DS (11.6 mg/kg b.wt. orally once/day). The third group was received DS+FA (11.6 mg/kg b.wt.+76.9 microgram/kg b.wt.) orally once/day. The fourth group was treated with DS+LE (11.6 mg/kg b.wt.+500 mg/kg b.wt.) orally once/day. After four weeks, the results revealed that DS produced a significant decrease in the values of red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), hematocrit (HCT) and white blood cells (WBCs). On the other hand, there was a significant increase in the platelets count. Also, DS induced a renal deterioration; this was evidenced by the significant increase in the serum levels of urea, creatinine, uric acid, Na, Ca, Mg as well as the nitric oxide (NO) level in the kidney tissue. Also, there were a significant reduction in the serum levels of potassium (K) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in the kidney homogenates. Moreover, the findings in the rats treated by DS+LE or DS+FA showed a potential protection on the hematological markers, oxidative stress in the kidney tissue and the renal function disturbed by DS. LE and FA could play a potent role for the prevention the adverse hematological, the kidney tissue oxidative stress and the renal dysfunction caused by DS via their anti-oxidative and bioactive phytochemicals.

A ingestão excessiva de anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais, como o diclofenaco de sódio (DS), pode causar toxicidade em ratos. Neste trabalho, objetivamos examinar o impacto protetor do extrato de lentilha (LE) e ácido fólico (AF) em marcadores hematológicos, no estresse oxidativo do tecido renal e na função renal contra o diclofenaco de sódio (DS) em ratos albinos machos. Os ratos (120-150 g) foram divididos em quatro grupos iguais aleatoriamente, sendo o primeiro grupo mantido como controle não tratado. O segundo grupo foi administrado com DS (11,6 mg / kg de peso corporal por via oral uma vez / dia). O terceiro grupo recebeu DS + FA (76,9 mg / kg de peso corporal por via oral uma vez / dia). O quarto grupo foi tratado com DS + LE (500 mg / kg de peso corporal por via oral uma vez / dia). Após quatro semanas, os resultados revelaram que o DS produziu uma diminuição significativa nos valores de glóbulos vermelhos (RBCs), concentração de hemoglobina (Hb), hematócrito (HCT) e glóbulos brancos (WBCs). Por outro lado, houve um aumento significativo na contagem de plaquetas. Além disso, o DS induziu uma deterioração renal; isso foi evidenciado pelo aumento significativo dos níveis séricos de ureia, creatinina, ácido úrico, Na, Ca, Mg e também do nível de óxido nítrico no tecido renal. Além disso, houve uma redução significativa nos níveis séricos de potássio (K) e glutationa reduzida (GSH) nos homogenatos renais. Além disso, os achados nos ratos tratados com DS + LE ou DS + FA mostraram uma proteção potencial sobre os marcadores hematológicos, estresse oxidativo no tecido renal e função renal perturbada pelo DS. LE e AF podem desempenhar um papel potente na prevenção do estresse hematológico adverso, do estresse oxidativo do tecido renal e da disfunção renal causada pelo DS por meio de seus fitoquímicos antioxidantes e bioativos.

Hematological and renoprotective effects of folic acid and lentil extract in diclofenac sodium exposed rats

Abstract Excessive intake of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as, diclofenac sodium (DS) may lead to toxicity in the rats. In this work, we aimed to examine the protective impact of lentil extract (LE) and folic acid (FA) on the hematological markers, the kidney tissue oxidative stress and the renal function against diclofenac sodium (DS) in male albino rats. The rats (120-150 g) were divided into four equal groups randomly, the first group kept as the untreated control. The second group was administrated with DS (11.6 mg/kg b.wt. orally once/day). The third group was received DS+FA (11.6 mg/kg b.wt.+76.9 microgram/kg b.wt.) orally once/day. The fourth group was treated with DS+LE (11.6 mg/kg b.wt.+500 mg/kg b.wt.) orally once/day. After four weeks, the results revealed that DS produced a significant decrease in the values of red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), hematocrit (HCT) and white blood cells (WBCs). On the other hand, there was a significant increase in the platelets count. Also, DS induced a renal deterioration; this was evidenced by the significant increase in the serum levels of urea, creatinine, uric acid, Na, Ca, Mg as well as the nitric oxide (NO) level in the kidney tissue. Also, there were a significant reduction in the serum levels of potassium (K) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in the kidney homogenates. Moreover, the findings in the rats treated by DS+LE or DS+FA showed a potential protection on the hematological markers, oxidative stress in the kidney tissue and the renal function disturbed by DS. LE and FA could play a potent role for the prevention the adverse hematological, the kidney tissue oxidative stress and the renal dysfunction caused by DS via their anti-oxidative and bioactive phytochemicals.

Resumo A ingestão excessiva de anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais, como o diclofenaco de sódio (DS), pode causar toxicidade em ratos. Neste trabalho, objetivamos examinar o impacto protetor do extrato de lentilha (LE) e ácido fólico (AF) em marcadores hematológicos, no estresse oxidativo do tecido renal e na função renal contra o diclofenaco de sódio (DS) em ratos albinos machos. Os ratos (120-150 g) foram divididos em quatro grupos iguais aleatoriamente, sendo o primeiro grupo mantido como controle não tratado. O segundo grupo foi administrado com DS (11,6 mg / kg de peso corporal por via oral uma vez / dia). O terceiro grupo recebeu DS + FA (76,9 mg / kg de peso corporal por via oral uma vez / dia). O quarto grupo foi tratado com DS + LE (500 mg / kg de peso corporal por via oral uma vez / dia). Após quatro semanas, os resultados revelaram que o DS produziu uma diminuição significativa nos valores de glóbulos vermelhos (RBCs), concentração de hemoglobina (Hb), hematócrito (HCT) e glóbulos brancos (WBCs). Por outro lado, houve um aumento significativo na contagem de plaquetas. Além disso, o DS induziu uma deterioração renal; isso foi evidenciado pelo aumento significativo dos níveis séricos de ureia, creatinina, ácido úrico, Na, Ca, Mg e também do nível de óxido nítrico no tecido renal. Além disso, houve uma redução significativa nos níveis séricos de potássio (K) e glutationa reduzida (GSH) nos homogenatos renais. Além disso, os achados nos ratos tratados com DS + LE ou DS + FA mostraram uma proteção potencial sobre os marcadores hematológicos, estresse oxidativo no tecido renal e função renal perturbada pelo DS. LE e AF podem desempenhar um papel potente na prevenção do estresse hematológico adverso, do estresse oxidativo do tecido renal e da disfunção renal causada pelo DS por meio de seus fitoquímicos antioxidantes e bioativos.

Quimioterapia nanométrica a base de cannabinoides para el tratamiento de tumores ginecológicos / Cannabinoid based chemo-nanotherapy for the treatment of gynecological malignancies

El cannabidiol está despertando un creciente interés como agente antitumoral. Sin embargo, no se ha estudiado su efecto en cáncer de ovario, uno de los tumores más agresivos en mujeres. En el presente trabajo se ha evaluado, por primera vez, el potencial uso del cannabidiol en solución y encapsulado en nanopartículas funcionalizadas con ácido fólico en cáncer de ovario, ya que estos tumores sobreexpresan los receptores de ácido fólico, permitiendo una acumulación selectiva de estas nanoformulaciones en las células tumorales. El cannabidiol en solución inhibe la proliferación y migración de las células SKOV-3. En terapia de combinación, aumenta significativamente la eficacia antitumoral del paclitaxel, presentando un efecto sensibilizador y sinérgico. En los modelos in ovo, la administración previa de cannabidiol en solución seguido de su coadministración con paclitaxel muestra un efecto inhibitorio sobre el crecimiento tumoral significativamente superior al paclitaxel en monoterapia. Las nanopartículas desarrolladas son eficazmente internalizadas por las células SKOV-3, presentando las nanopartículas con ácido fólico una captación más rápida. Aunque en los estudios de eficacia antitumoral in vitro las nanopartículas funcionalizadas no presentan una actividad antiproliferativa superior al cannabidiol en solución o a las nanopartículas no funcionalizadas, en los modelos in ovo su eficacia antitumoral es significativamente superior, indicando que el desarrollo de nanopartículas funcionalizadas con ácido fólico es una buena estrategia para vectorizar el cannabidiol a tumores de ovario. Por último, las nanopartículas de cannabidiol potencian el efecto antitumoral del paclitaxel, presentando las formulaciones funcionalizadas con ácido fólico una mayor eficacia que el cannabidiol en solución. (AU)

Cannabidiol has become in a potential anticancer agent. Nevertheless, it has not been evaluated in ovarian cancer, one of the most aggressive tumors in women. In this work, the potential use of cannabidiol in solution and encapsulated into polymeric nanoparticles coated with folic acid was evaluated for the first time for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Ovarian tumors over-express folic acid receptors and folic-acid-coated nanoformulations trend to be selectively accumulated at tumor site. Cannabidiol in solution administered as monotherapy inhibits the proliferation and migration of SKOV-3 cells. In combination therapy, it significantly increases the antitumor efficacy of paclitaxel, showing a sensitizer and synergistic effect. In ovo, the previous administration of cannabidiol in solution followed by its co-administration with paclitaxel, shows a significantly higher inhibitory effect on ovarian tumor growth than single paclitaxel. The developed nanoparticles are efficiently uptaken by SKOV-3 cells, showing folic acid coated formulations a faster internalization. Although coated formulations do not exhibit a higher in vitro antiproliferative effect compared to cannabidiol in solution or non-coated formulations, in ovo its antitumoral efficacy is significantly higher. This indicates thatfolic acid-coated nanoparticles represent a good strategy to target cannabidiol to ovarian tumors. Finally, cannabidiol-loaded nanoparticles improve the in vitro antiproliferative effect of paclitaxel, showing folic acid-coated-formulations a better efficacy than cannabidiol in solution. (AU)

Intervención educativa sobre riesgo preconcepcional en mujeres de un Área de salud en Guantánamo / Knowledge intervention on preconception risk in women from a health area in Guantánamo

Fundamento: La salud reproductiva está presente durante el ciclo vital de las mujeres y los hombres; en la que juega un papel decisivo la planificación familiar, el conocimiento y manejo del riesgo reproductivo. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de una intervención educativa, en mujeres de edad fértil con riesgo preconcepcional, pertenecientes al consultorio "La Colonia", del Policlínico "Rafael Teope Fonseca", "El Salvador", Guantánamo, desde septiembre 2017 a abril 2019. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental, tipo intervención educativa sobre riesgo preconcepcional, con diseño antes y después. El universo fue de 65 mujeres en edad fértil. Se utilizó muestreo no probabilístico intencional. La muestra fue de 45 mujeres con riesgo preconcepcional. La investigación se realizó en 3 etapas: diagnóstica, intervención y evaluación. La información se recogió en una encuesta semiestructurada que se aplicó antes y después de la intervención. Las variables fueron: métodos para planificar el embarazo, edad óptima para el embarazo, antecedentes obstétricos desfavorables, importancia del consumo de ácido fólico antes del embarazo y conocimiento general sobre el tema. Se determinó el test de McNemar para el análisis estadístico e índice de kappa para determinar efectividad de la intervención. Resultados: Antes de la intervención se diagnosticó nivel de conocimiento inadecuado sobre los métodos para planificar el embarazo (42 %), edad óptima para el embarazo (40 %) y en los antecedentes obstétricos (36 %). Posterior a la intervención el nivel de conocimiento adecuado fue significativo (p<0.05) en todas las variables. El índice kappa arrojó acuerdo considerable. Conclusiones: La intervención educativa fue efectiva.

Background: Reproductive health is present during women and men's life cycle, so family planning, knowledge and management of reproductive risk play a significant role. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a knowledge intervention in fertile age women with preconception risk, at "La Colonia" clinic, in "Rafael Teope Fonseca" Polyclinic, "El Salvador", Guantánamo, from September 2017 to April 2019. Methodology: A quasi-experimental study was conducted, of educational intervention type on preconception risk, with formerly and subsequently designs. The universe was 65 women of fertile age. Intentional non-probabilistic sampling was used. The sample was 45 women with preconception risk. The research was conducted in 3 stages: diagnosis, intervention and evaluation. The information was collected in a semi-structured survey applied before and after the intervention. The variables were: methods for planning pregnancy, optimal age for pregnancy, unfavorable obstetric history, importance of folic acid intake before pregnancy, and general knowledge on the subject. The McNemar test was determined for the statistical analysis and the Kappa index to determine the effectiveness of the intervention. Results: Before the intervention, an inadequate level of knowledge was diagnosed about the methods for planning pregnancy (42 %), the optimal age for pregnancy (40 %) and the obstetric history (36 %). After the intervention, the adequate level of knowledge was significant (p<0.05) in all the variables. The Kappa index showed considerable agreement. Conclusions: The educational intervention was effective.

Relación del ácido fólico y los defectos del tubo neural en ratas Wistar / Relationship of folic acid and neural tube defects in Wistar rats

RESUMEN Introducción: los defectos del cierre del tubo neural son anomalías del sistema nervioso central superadas únicamente por los defectos cardíacos. En Pinar del Río existe un aumento de interrupciones de embarazo por diagnóstico de este defecto, se desconoce si los niveles de ácido fólico en las gestantes influyen en su incidencia. Objetivo: corroborar la relación entre los defectos del cierre del tubo neural en las crías de ratas Wistar y las dosis de ácido fólico administrada en las ratas Wistar gestadas. Métodos: se realizó un estudio experimental en ratas Wistar, se formaron cinco grupos de dos ratas hembras, dos que recibieron dosis de ácido fólico de 100 y 200 microgramos (µg) antes y durante la gestación, dos que recibieron 100 y 200 µg durante la gestación y un grupo control que no recibió ninguna dosis. La muestra estuvo constituida por 212 ratas recién nacidas, sacrificadas bajo normas internacionales. Se extrajo médula y cerebro para observar las anomalías, se tomaron fotomicrografía de los cortes realizados. El nivel de significación para todas las comparaciones estadísticas fue α ≤ 0,05. Resultados: se observaron en total trece espinas bífidas, once en el grupo control (26,19 %) y dos (4,65 %) en el de 200 µg durante la gestación, al comparar el grupo control respecto a los grupos tratados, la variable masa corporal presentaron significación estadística. Se observó que la presencia de espina bífida fue significativa en la hembra con respecto al macho. Conclusiones: se demostró la necesidad esencial de la ingestión de ácido fólico antes y durante la gestación en ratas Wistar y la asociación de espina bífida y sexo, el sexo femenino fue el predominante.

ABSTRACT Introduction: neural tube closure defects are anomalies of the central nervous system surpassed only by cardiac defects. In Pinar del Rio province there is an increase of pregnancy interruptions due to diagnosis of this defect, and it is not known if folic acid levels in pregnant women influence its incidence. Objective: to corroborate the relationship between neural tube closure defects in Wistar rats' pups and the doses of folic acid administered in pregnant Wistar rats. Methods: an experimental study was carried out in Wistar rats, forming five groups of two female rats; two of them received doses of folic acid of 100 and 200 micrograms (µg) before and during gestation, two that received 100 and 200 µg during gestation and a control group that did not receive any dose. The sample consisted of 212 newborn rats, sacrificed under international standards. Marrow and brain were extracted to observe the anomalies, and photomicrographs were taken of the sections made. The significance level for all statistical comparisons was α ≤ 0,05. Results: a total of thirteen spina bifida were observed, eleven in the control group (26,19 %) and two (4,65 %) in the 200 µg group during gestation, when comparing the control group with the treated groups, the body mass variable presented statistical significance. It was observed that the presence of bifid spina was significant in the female with respect to the male. Conclusions: the essential need of folic acid ingestion before and during gestation in Wistar rats and the association of spina bifida and sex were confirmed, being predominant in the female sex.

Folic acid and vitamin B12 as biomarkers of morbidity and mortality in patients with septic shock / El ácido fólico y la vitamina B12 como biomarcadores de morbilidad y mortalidad en pacientes con shock séptico

Introduction and objective: a study was made of the folic acid (Fol) and vitamin B12 (B12) serum concentrations in critical patients with septic shock upon admission and after three days of stay in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), with an analysis of their association to inflammatory parameters and patient morbidity-mortality. Methods: a prospective analytical study was made of 30 critically ill patients with septic shock. Demographic data, comorbidities, clinical information and severity scores were recorded. Data collected included serum Fol and B12 levels using the DxI® Autoanalyzer (Beckman Coulter) based on a competitive electrochemoluminescence immunoassay. Results: mean serum Fol was within the reference range stipulated by the laboratory on the first day. Nevertheless, a total of 21.4 % of the patients had high Fol levels, with 14.2 % being Fol deficient. An association was observed between Fol (p < 0.012) status and 28-day mortality, and the number of days of mechanical ventilation, fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) and fibrinogen increased in patients with higher Fol levels (p < 0.05). In addition, 85.7 % of cases had B12 levels above the reference values, with a correlation being observed between B12 and Fol. Conclusions: this study proposes Fol as a novel morbidity-mortality biomarker in critical septic patients, and reinforces the usefulness of B12 as a morbidity biomarker. It is thus suggested that the measurement of Fol upon admission and over the first 72 hours of hospital stay could provide prognostic information about the clinical course and outcome of septic shock patients (AU)

Introducción y objetivo: se realizó un estudio de las concentraciones séricas de ácido fólico (Fol) y vitamina B12 (B12) en pacientes críticos con shock séptico al ingreso y después de tres días de estancia en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI), con un análisis de su asociación con los parámetros inflamatorios y la morbimortalidad de los pacientes. Método: se realizó un estudio analítico prospectivo de 30 pacientes críticos con shock séptico. Se registraron datos demográficos, comorbilidades, información clínica y puntuaciones de gravedad. Los datos recopilados incluyeron los niveles séricos de Fol y B12 utilizando el autoanalizador DxI® (Beckman Coulter) basado en un inmunoensayo de electroquimioluminiscencia competitivo. Resultados: la media de Fol sérico estuvo dentro del rango de referencia estipulado por el laboratorio el primer día. Sin embargo, el 21,4 % de los pacientes presentaban niveles altos de Fol y el 14,2 % presentaban deficiencia de Fol. Se observó una asociación entre el estado de Fol (p < 0,012) con la mortalidad a los 28 días, con el número de días de ventilación mecánica, con la fracción de oxígeno inspirado (FiO2) y con el fibrinógeno, que aumentaron en los pacientes con niveles de Fol más altos (p < 0,05). Además, el 85,7 % de los casos tenían niveles de B12 por encima de los valores de referencia, observándose una correlación entre B12 y Fol. Conclusiones: este estudio propone al Fol como nuevo biomarcador de morbimortalidad en los pacientes críticos con sepsis y refuerza la utilidad de la B12 como biomarcador de morbilidad. Por tanto, se sugiere que la medición de Fol al ingreso y durante las primeras 72 horas de estancia hospitalaria podría proporcionar información pronóstica sobre el curso clínico y el resultado de los pacientes con shock séptico (AU)

Folic acid and vitamin B12 as biomarkers of morbidity and mortality in patients with septic shock.

Introduction: Introduction and objective: a study was made of the folic acid (Fol) and vitamin B12 (B12) serum concentrations in critical patients with septic shock upon admission and after three days of stay in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), with an analysis of their association to inflammatory parameters and patient morbidity-mortality. Methods: a prospective analytical study was made of 30 critically ill patients with septic shock. Demographic data, comorbidities, clinical information and severity scores were recorded. Data collected included serum Fol and B12 levels using the DxI® Autoanalyzer (Beckman Coulter) based on a competitive electrochemoluminescence immunoassay. Results: mean serum Fol was within the reference range stipulated by the laboratory on the first day. Nevertheless, a total of 21.4 % of the patients had high Fol levels, with 14.2 % being Fol deficient. An association was observed between Fol (p ˂ 0.012) status and 28-day mortality, and the number of days of mechanical ventilation, fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) and fibrinogen increased in patients with higher Fol levels (p ˂ 0.05). In addition, 85.7 % of cases had B12 levels above the reference values, with a correlation being observed between B12 and Fol. Conclusions: this study proposes Fol as a novel morbidity-mortality biomarker in critical septic patients, and reinforces the usefulness of B12 as a morbidity biomarker. It is thus suggested that the measurement of Fol upon admission and over the first 72 hours of hospital stay could provide prognostic information about the clinical course and outcome of septic shock patients.

Introducción: Introducción y objetivo: se realizó un estudio de las concentraciones séricas de ácido fólico (Fol) y vitamina B12 (B12) en pacientes críticos con shock séptico al ingreso y después de tres días de estancia en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI), con un análisis de su asociación con los parámetros inflamatorios y la morbimortalidad de los pacientes. Método: se realizó un estudio analítico prospectivo de 30 pacientes críticos con shock séptico. Se registraron datos demográficos, comorbilidades, información clínica y puntuaciones de gravedad. Los datos recopilados incluyeron los niveles séricos de Fol y B12 utilizando el autoanalizador DxI® (Beckman Coulter) basado en un inmunoensayo de electroquimioluminiscencia competitivo. Resultados: la media de Fol sérico estuvo dentro del rango de referencia estipulado por el laboratorio el primer día. Sin embargo, el 21,4 % de los pacientes presentaban niveles altos de Fol y el 14,2 % presentaban deficiencia de Fol. Se observó una asociación entre el estado de Fol (p ˂ 0,012) con la mortalidad a los 28 días, con el número de días de ventilación mecánica, con la fracción de oxígeno inspirado (FiO2) y con el fibrinógeno, que aumentaron en los pacientes con niveles de Fol más altos (p ˂ 0,05). Además, el 85,7 % de los casos tenían niveles de B12 por encima de los valores de referencia, observándose una correlación entre B12 y Fol. Conclusiones: este estudio propone al Fol como nuevo biomarcador de morbimortalidad en los pacientes críticos con sepsis y refuerza la utilidad de la B12 como biomarcador de morbilidad. Por tanto, se sugiere que la medición de Fol al ingreso y durante las primeras 72 horas de estancia hospitalaria podría proporcionar información pronóstica sobre el curso clínico y el resultado de los pacientes con shock séptico.

Intervención educativa sobre riesgo preconcepcional en mujeres de un Área de salud en Guantánamo

Fundamento: La salud reproductiva está presente durante el ciclo vital de las mujeres y los hombres; en la que juega unpapel decisivo la planificación familiar, el conocimiento y manejo del riesgo reproductivo.Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de una intervención educativa, en mujeres de edad fértil con riesgo preconcepcional,pertenecientes al consultorio “La Colonia”, del Policlínico “Rafael Teope Fonseca”, “El Salvador”, Guantánamo, desdeseptiembre 2017 a abril 2019.Metodología: Se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental, tipo intervención educativa sobre riesgo preconcepcional, con diseñoantes y después. El universo fue de 65 mujeres en edad fértil. Se utilizó muestreo no probabilístico intencional. La muestrafue de 45 mujeres con riesgo preconcepcional. La investigación se realizó en 3 etapas: diagnóstica, intervención y evaluación.La información se recogió en una encuesta semiestructurada que se aplicó antes y después de la intervención. Las variablesfueron: métodos para planificar el embarazo, edad óptima para el embarazo, antecedentes obstétricos desfavorables,importancia del consumo de ácido fólico antes del embarazo y conocimiento general sobre el tema. Se determinó el test deMcNemar para el análisis estadístico e índice de kappa para determinar efectividad de la intervención.Resultados: Antes de la intervención se diagnosticó nivel de conocimiento inadecuado sobre los métodos para planificar elembarazo (42 porcientro), edad óptima para el embarazo (40 porcientro) y en los antecedentes obstétricos (36 porcientro). Posterior a la intervenciónel nivel de conocimiento adecuado fue significativo (p<0.05) en todas las variables. El índice kappa arrojó acuerdoconsiderable.Conclusiones: La intervención educativa fue efectiva [AU]

Efecto antianémico de las hojas de remolacha en gestantes primíparas que acudieron al CAP II Macacona-EsSalud de Ica. 2019 / Anti -anemic effect of beet leaves in pregnant primiparous who attended the CAP II Macacona-EsSalud of Ica. 2019

En Perú, según OMS, la anemia es un problema severo de salud pública que afecta al 42% de madres gestantes. Prevalencia de anemia en Ica 18.3% siendo los promedios nacionales 28% (ENDES2015). El CAPII Macacona-EsSalud, en 2018 tiene MEF de 7520,104 anemia gestacional. Porcentaje alto evidenciaron intolerancia al sulfato ferroso. De las 55 mujeres con Hb11 g/dL fueron seleccionadas 40 mujeres. Dividiéndolas en 2 grupos: Grupo A consumo de Sulfato ferroso y ácido fólico, Grupo B consumo 300 gr día de remolacha cruda ya que con la cocción se pierden propiedades. Ambos por 3meses, se tomó criterios de inclusión en ambos grupos:edad de 20 ­36 años, gestantes primer y segundo trimestre, Primíparas, Hemoglobina 11 g/100mL, sin patología. Objetivo: comprobar si, el efecto antianémico del consumo del sulfato ferroso y ácido fólico es el mismo al de las hojas de Beta vulgaris (Remolacha). Material y Métodos: Estudio experimental, prospectivo, de corte longitudinal, analítico de nivel aplicativo. Resultados: Se aplicó prueba Fisher, Correlación lineal, t de Student. Trascurrido tres meses se realiza un segundo dosaje deHb.: Grupo A Hb 11,71g/dL, Grupo B 12,61g/dL, indicando en el Grupo A Hb aumenta 0,71g/dL y 1,61g/dL en el Grupo B. Conclusiones: El consumo de remolacha aporta hierro y ácido fólico. (AU)

In Peru, according to WHO, anemia is a severe public health problem that affects 42% of pregnant mothers. Prevalence of anemia in Ica, city of Peru, 18,3%, with national averages 28% (ENDES2015). The "CAP II Macacona-EsSalud" medical center, in 2018 has MEF of 7520, 104 gestational anemia. High percentage showed intolerance to ferrous sulfate. Of the 55 women with Hb 11 g / dL,40 women were selected. Dividing them into 2 groups: Group A consumption of ferrous sulfate and folic acid, Group B consumption 300-gr day of raw beet since with cooking properties are lost. Both for 3 months, inclusion criteria were taken in both groups: age 20 -36 years, first and second trimester pregnant women, Primiparas, Hemoglobin 11 g / 100mL, no pathology. Objective: to verify if, the antianemic effect of the ferrous sulfate and folic acid consumption is the same as that ofthe leaves of Beta vulgaris (Beet). Materials and Methods: Experimental and prospective study, of longitudinal, analytical and application level.Results: "Fisher" was applied. "Linear correlation","Student's t". After three months, a second dose of Hb was carried out.: Group A Hb 11,71g / dL, Group B 12,61g / dL, indicating in Group A Hb increases 0,71g / dL and 1,61g / dL in Group B.Conclusions: Consumption of beet contributes iron and folic acid. (AU)

Association of the Maternal Folic Acid Supplementation with the Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review / Associação da suplementação de ácido fólico materno com o transtorno do espectro do autismo: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract Objective To analyze the scientific production regarding maternal folic acid (FA) supplementation and its relationship with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). Data Sources We performed unrestricted electronic searches in the BIREME virtual bank, Virtual Health Library (VHL) and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE/PubMed) databases. Selection of Studies For sample selection, articles that met the proposed objectives were included, published in English, Spanish and Portuguese, the use of Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS): autistic OR autism AND autism spectrum disorder AND folic acid, AND, with the use of the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH): autistic OR autism AND autistic spectrum disorder AND folic acid. Data Collection Data extraction was performed by the reviewers with a preestablished data collection formulary. Data Synthesis The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) was used based on a checklist with 27 items and a 4-step flowchart. Results A total of 384 articles was found by the search strategies, of which 17 were eligible following the pre-established criteria. The main findings of the present review point to maternal FA supplementation in the pre-conception period and beginning of pregnancy as a protective effect in relation to ASD, which should be indicated in this period as prevention to the problem. Conclusion According to the research analyzed, more studies are necessary to know its effects on pregnancy, since the consumption of excessive FA may not be innocuous.

Resumo Objetivo Analisar a produção científica a respeito da suplementação de ácido fólico (AF) materno e sua relação com o transtorno do espectro autista (TEA). Fontes de Dados Realizamos buscas eletrônicas irrestritas nas bases de dados do banco virtual BIREME, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (VHL) e Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE / PubMed). Seleção dos Estudos Incluímos os artigos publicados em inglês, espanhol e português, com o uso dos DeCS: autistic OR autism AND autism spectrum disorder AND folic acid, e com o uso dos Medical Subject Headings (MeSH, na sigla em inglês): autistic OR autism AND Autistic Spectrum Disorder AND folic acid ". Coleta de Dados A extração de dados foi realizada pelos revisores com um formulário de coleta de dados pré-estabelecido. Síntese dos Dados Foram usados os itens de relatório preferidos para protocolos de revisão sistemática e meta-análise (PRISMA-P) com base em uma lista de verificação com 27 itens e um fluxograma de 4 etapas. Resultados Foram encontrados 384 artigos pelas estratégias de busca, dos quais 17 eram elegíveis segundo os critérios pré-estabelecidos. Os principais achados da presente revisão apontam para a suplementação de AF materno no período de preconcepção e início da gravidez como efeito protetor em relação ao TEA, que deve ser indicada neste período como prevenção do problema. Conclusão De acordo com as pesquisas analisadas, mais estudos são necessários para conhecer seus efeitos sobre a gravidez, uma vez que o consumo excessivo de AF pode não ser inócuo.